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I. The matter of this book (preface)

Inductive Method

Deductive Method

Plato's Republic (Plato's Problems, Plato's Solutions, Plato's Theory of Ideas)

II. Moral Ideology of the Upper Class

III. Moral Ideology of the Middle Class

Hindu Ideology as a mixture of the collectivistic and individualistic ideologies [Seasons of life (Pleasure; Social success; Infinite existence, knowledge, and bliss); Cleansing (The discipline for people with the reflective character, The discipline for the emotional people, The discipline for the active people, The psychosomatic discipline)]

The ideology (the "software") of an individualistic society

The material culture (the "hardware") of the middle-class dominated society

IV. Moral Ideology of the Lower Class (chapter4)

Hellenistic Age -

Epicureanism

Stoicism {The Points of Connection of the Stoicism and the Knowledgeable One's Ideology (Buddhism) - The Four Truths of Life, The Nine-lane Highway; Splitting of the ideology of Knowledge; Further splitting - The ideology of the Skillful Master (Confucius), The Way of the Old Master (Lao Tzu), Zen Teaching, Tibetan version of the ideology of Knowledge}

Skepticism

Cynicism

Greco-Roman Age -

Ancient urbanism

Nomads and Horticulturists as the founders of the urban culture

Mesopotamia {Early Mesopotamian city-states, The Sumerians, The Babylonians (The Code of Ham-Mu-rabi), The Assyrians and Chaldeans, The Persians (Zoroaster and Mani), Hellenistic and Roman Times, Medieval and Modern Times}

The Egyptians {Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom} (egyptians)

The Hindus

The Chinese

The Meso-Americans

The Minoans

The Hittites

The Phoenicians, Canaanites, and Hebrews {The literary form of the Old Testament, The ideological content of the Old Testament}

The Etruscans (romans)

The Romans {The Dark Age of the Kings, The internal Struggle in the rising Republic, The external Struggle of the rising Republic, The blossoming Republic and its imperialism [The spiritual culture (the "software") of the Republican Empire, The struggle of classes in the Republican Empire, The economical and political factors that contributed to the downfall of the Republican Empire into the Monarchical Empire, The material culture (the "hardware") of the Romans], The beginning of the Monarchical Empire [Christianity of the lower class, Christianity of the upper class] Decline of the Roman Monarchical Empire}

Conclusion/Glossary/Bibliography

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Victor J. Serge created this page and revised it on 04/13/03